For example, French speakers with amusia ( Nguyen et al., 2009 Tillmann et al., 2011a) showed inferior performance in the discrimination of non-native Mandarin and Thai tones. Firstly, speakers with amusia were less accurate at the discrimination of lexical tones, which is often thought to reflect a relatively low level of phonetic processing. There is evidence that both low-level phonetic processing and high-level phonological processing of lexical tones were impaired. In addition to intonation and emotion prosody processing, a wide range of studies have reported inferior performance of amusics in lexical tone perception ( Nan et al., 2010 Tillmann et al., 2011b Jiang et al., 2012b Liu et al., 2012 Wang and Peng, 2014 Shao et al., 2016, 2019 Zhang et al., 2017b, 2018).
#Isham 2000 dichotic listening series
However, when the pitch difference was tuned to be small, a series of studies have shown that amusics performed worse than musically intact controls in processing speech intonation and emotion prosody ( Jiang et al., 2010, 2012a Liu et al., 2010 Thompson et al., 2012 Lu et al., 2015), suggesting that amusia influences speech processing negatively. For instance, amusics have little difficulty in the recognition and perception of intonation which involves large pitch differences and with aided linguistic cues ( Ayotte et al., 2002). This is because despite suffering from severe musical impairment in daily life, individuals with amusia were rarely reported to have severe deficits in everyday communication. Amusia occurs in about 1.5–4% of the population ( Peretz and Hyde, 2003 Peretz and Vuvan, 2017).Įarlier research showed that amusia is primarily a pitch deficit ( Peretz et al., 2002). Like impairment in language is known as “aphasia,” impairment in music perception and production is known as “amusia.” Congenital amusia (amusia hereafter) is a deficit of fine-grained pitch processing, which has a negative influence on mistuned tone detection and out-of-key tone detection ( Ayotte et al., 2002). These results broadened the understanding of the nature of pitch and lexical tone processing deficiencies in amusia. These findings provided temporary evidence that although amusics demonstrate deficient neural mechanisms of pitch/lexical tone processing, their ear preference patterns might not be affected. Amusics exhibited overall poorer performance in both identification and discrimination tasks, indicating that pitch/lexical tone processing in dichotic listening settings was impaired, but there was no evidence that amusics showed different ear preference from controls. Taken together, the results of the identification task revealed a reduced LEA or a shift from the right hemisphere to bilateral processing in identification. When the demand of phonological processing increased, as in the identification task, shorter RT was still obtained in the left ear, however, the identification accuracy revealed a bilateral pattern. For typical listeners, the discrimination accuracy was higher with shorter RT in the left ear regardless of the stimulus types, suggesting a left-ear advantage in discrimination. The current study adopted the dichotic listening paradigm to examine this issue, testing 18 Cantonese-speaking amusics and 18 matched controls on pitch/lexical tone identification and discrimination in three conditions: non-speech tone, low syllable variation, and high syllable variation. However, it has not been examined before how the brain specialization of lexical tone perception is affected in amusics. 4Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaĬongenital amusia is an inborn neurogenetic disorder of musical pitch processing, which also induces impairment in lexical tone perception.3Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.2Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.1School of Humanities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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